Lymphedema for the Melanoma Patient
WHAT IS LYMPHEDEMA?
Lymphedema is the build-up of lymph fluid in the body’s tissues due to damage in the lymphatic system. It occurs when the lymph system cannot remove the fluid it normally does from the tissue. This build-up causes abnormal swelling, often of an arm or leg. Lymphedema can be primary or secondary.
Primary lymphedema is seen in people who are born with abnormalities in the lymphatic system.
Secondary lymphedema is a complication that can occur after cancer treatments (e.g. surgery, lymph node removal, radiation therapy). Lymphedema is usually seen in the part of the body that had the
specific cancer treatment. Secondary lymphedema is the most common type of lymphedema in
North America. It is important not to confuse lymphedema with water retention. Lymphedema is a
very different condition and requires specific treatment.
Why Does Lympedema Occur?
Cancer therapy can damage the lymphatic system. The lymph system cannot remove the fluid it normally does from the tissue. This damage can slow the movement of lymph fluid in part of the body, causing fluid to build up. The extra fluid can cause swelling, often in the arms, legs, chest, face, and genitals. Slow movement of the lymph fluid also decreases the immune function of the lymph nodes and the amount of oxygen and nutrients reaching your body tissues.
Risk Factors for Lymphedema
After cancer treatment, a lifelong risk exists of developing lymphedema. Lymphedema may develop when the cancer is treated, after weeks, months or many years, or not at all. If you experience swelling after cancer therapy, see a health care professional right away.
Some common risk factors include:
- Radiation to the breast, or to lymph nodes in the armpit, under the breast, or under the collarbone
- Drainage or wound complications
- Infection
- Cording: a web of thick, rope-like structures under the skin of your inner arm
- Formation of a “seroma” – a pocket of clear fluid that sometimes develops after surgery, after the drains have been removed
- Active cancer
- Any weight gain or being overweight
- A family history of lymphedema-related conditions
- Trauma in an at-risk arm or leg, such as an injection or having a blood sample taken
- Chronic skin disorders and inflammation
- High blood pressure
- Chemotherapy
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Surgery with removal of the lymph nodes in the armpit
- Radiation causing inflammation and fibrosis, or scarring, of the skin
Download our Patient Guide:
Managing Lymphedema for the Melanoma Patient. A guide to upper and lower limb lymphedema for the newly diagnosed melanoma patient
- Stages
- Early signs and symptoms
- Management of lymphedema
- Phsychological Health
- Treatment costs and more
Psychological health
Lymphedema often causes psychological distress and decreases quality of life. Psychological effects include anxiety, fear, depression, loss of body image and self-esteem, and decreased sexual drive.
If you are experiencing psychological distress and it has not resolved within three months, obtain a referral for specialist care.
You are Not Alone
Free support available Monday to Friday, 9am – 5pm EST. We aim to respond to all inquires within 48 hours. All calls and
emails and are confidential. For support call 905.901.5121 x112 or 1.877.560.8035 x112
or email support@melanomanetwork.ca
Melanoma Surgery Information
Melanoma surgery removes the cancer and a border of normal tissue around it. You may require a second procedure to remove more normal skin around the area of the tumour.
Melanoma What You Need To Know
A leading national melanoma resource written with the help of specialists in oncology and health care.
Melanoma Support
The Melanoma Network of Canada has a number of free services for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals.
